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22. Social Change and National Development

Early industry, cotton and the lives it shaped, the Second Great Awakening and the reform societies it produced, new roles for white women, and the first national arts.

22. Social Change and National Development

Artist John Rubens Smith was taken with the physical transformation that occurred as the United States began to mature. This picture was one in a large series…

22a. Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution

This drawing depicts men working the lock on a section of the Erie Canal. Find more lyrics like this "I've got a mule, her name is Sal, Fifteen years on the Er…

22b. Cotton and African-American Life

Two-thirds of all ready-made garments, produced with southern cotton in northern cities such as New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, were sent back to the South…

22c. Religious Transformation and the Second Great Awakening

Both blacks and women began to participate in evangelical revivals associated with the Second Great Awakening at the end of the 18th century. From these reviva…

22d. Institutionalizing Religious Belief: The Benevolent Empire

Children worked in the coal mines during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The breadth and success of the Second Great Awakening meant tha…

22e. New Roles for White Women

Trends in clothing such as those seen above from the early 1800s, forced a distinction between the wealthy class dressed in European styles, and the lower clas…

22f. Early National Arts and Cultural Independence

John James Audubon's painting, Wild Turkey, shows a favorite animal of American legend. Surprisingly, cultural independence proved to be the hardest area for A…